ZERO-EMISSION FUTURE QUESTIONS
Frequently Asked Questions about Zero Emissions
General Questions
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How can the Navistar Zero Emissions team support my transition to a zero-emissions fleet?
The Navistar Zero Emissions will support your transition by facilitating a comprehensive buying process, which encompasses more than your vehicle purchase. Our consultative approach leverages the insights of Zero Emissions subject matter experts and internal teams as well as partnerships with third-party entities such as In-Charge Energy and OneH2, to ensure you are purchasing not just the vehicles but the charging solutions and infrastructure that enable your customers’ success.
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How can I determine if an electric truck is right for my fleet?
A great starting place is the TCO Calculator
The Zero Emissions team can also help: Schedule a visit HERE -
Why is the commercial vehicle industry transitioning to zero-emissions vehicles?
Because of the damaging effects of fossil fuels on the environment, the push for EVs has never been greater. The transition to zero-emissions vehicles will help to reduce the impact of fossil fuel use on climate change, air, and water quality. Depending on the type of vehicle, battery electric trucks and buses are up to 3.5 times more efficient than diesel and natural gas vehicles at normal speeds. (SOURCE: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/battery-electric-truck-and-bus-energy-efficiency-compared-conventional-diesel) With fewer parts to replace, maintenance on each vehicle will also be greatly reduced.
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How do hydrogen and battery electric vehicles compare with diesel-powered trucks and buses?
Simply put, zero-emissions vehicles are quicker, quieter, and cleaner, creating a better experience inside the vehicle and out, while producing zero tailpipe emissions. Furthermore, EV trucks cost less in the long run because they have less parts and require less maintenance.
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How do battery electric vehicles work and what advantages do they offer?
High-voltage batteries power the truck, communicating with software that sends energy to an electric motor. Battery electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions.
Currently, battery electric vehicles are ideally suited for operations such as:
- Regional haul day cab routes
- Vehicles that return to the depot at the end of the day/shift for charging, example school buses
- Areas where there are federal or state incentives for infrastructure and fleet investments
- Dense urban areas where total cost of ownership can be on par with traditional powertrains
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Will the electrical grid be able to support this transition?
Necessary infrastructure upgrades are in process. Most utilities are investing in grid updates and are preparing for the future of zero-emissions vehicles. As for the present, commercial EVs are unlikely to overload the grid, since most charging takes place at night, when electricity demand is lowest.
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Do first responders know how to handle electric vehicles in case of fire or a crash?
During the delivery of the vehicle, International Truck & IC Bus is committed to help train local first responders of the EV bus being put into service in their area. We have published documents on the NFPA (National Fire Protection Agency) documenting where the safety switches and cut points on our vehicle. The battery chemistry does not require special chemical extinguishers to help fight the fire.
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Are public funds available?
Yes, there are a number of grants available by state and county depending on your located/area of responsibility (AOR). Tax credits are also very important when it comes to regional haul - the more miles driven the more credits returned. The Zero Emissions Grants Team can help identify Grants that will work for your needs.
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Will the grid infrastructure be able to handle the introduction of EVs?
While infrastructure varies state to state, it is vitally important that if you plan to add EVs to your fleet, to engage now and start talking to your utility company to gauge your energy requirements now and in the long term.
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Will there be a standard charging system available?
We are currently collaborating with partners on standardizing charging capabilities and will have a clearer picture within the next 12 months. Navistar is committed to ensure that our vehicles work with a number of chargers for mixed fleet solutions.
Industry Terminology
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Amperage
The rate of flow of electrons through a circuit, a.k.a. current
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Average Power
The amount of power that your fleet requires while charging, averaged over the charging window
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BEV
Battery-Electric Vehicles
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CHAdeMO Plug
A round four-pin plug that is exclusively used for rapid charging points and is often compatible with electric vehicles manufactured in Asia, such as Mitsubishi and Nissan. CHAdeMO offers Vehicle to Grid (V2G) but has less power than CCS and requires two separate sockets.
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Charging Rate
The rate at which a BEV is charged, measured in kilowatts (kW)
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Charging Window
The period of time in your fleet’s duty cycle when vehicles can charge
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Circuit
The path along which electricity flows
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Cloud-Based Communications
A wireless internet-based service carrying information on EVSE status, energy consumption, location, and payment for use between the owner and the user(s)
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Combined Charging System (CSS)
A type of connector that has been standardized. It combines two DC pins below the Type 2 AC connector and uses 3 of the Type 2 pins. This connector is found on most Type 2 BEVs
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DCFC
Direct current fast charge, usually stated as DC fast charge
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Demand Charge
A fee applied to your greatest power draw during peak periods, on top of the rate that you pay for the energy ($/kW)
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Distribution
The process of delivering power from transmission lines to the customer
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Duty Cycle
The portion of time during which a vehicle is operated
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Energy Charge
Your baseline price of electricity, charged based on the amount of energy you consume ($/kWh)
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EVSE
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment, or the charger unit
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Fixed Charge
A fee covering the regulator-approved costs that the utility pays to supply your power such as distribution and transmission ($/month)
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Flat Rate
A rate structure under which you are billed at a single price per kilowatt-hour consumed regardless of time, season, or application
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Generation
The process of producing electricity from a fuel source
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Handshake
When you connect the plug into the vehicle the car will electronically handshake with the charging station. Once the handshake is made, the relay in the charging station will open, allowing electrons to flow to the car. When you disconnect the plug, the electricity stops flowing through the cable.
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ICE
Internal Combustion Engine
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ISO 15118
An international standard that outlines the digital communication protocol that an electric vehicle and a charging station should use to recharge an electric vehicle’s battery
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kW
One kilowatt is equal to 1000 watts
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kWH
Kilowatt-hour, a unit of measure for electrical energy. 1 kWh is the energy delivered by 1 kW of power for 1 hour
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L1 Charging
Level 1 charging uses a common 120-volt household outlet. Every electric vehicle can be charged on Level 1 by plugging the charging equipment into a regular wall outlet. Level 1 is the slowest way to charge an EV. It is too slow to be used for buses or commercial vehicles.
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L2 Charging
Level 2 charging is the most used level for daily EV charging of automobiles. Level 2 charging equipment can be installed at home, at the workplace, as well as in public locations like shopping plazas, train stations and other destinations. It may or may not be sufficient for commercial trucks and school buses, depending on the routes and environment.
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L3 Charging
Level 3 charging is the fastest type of charging available. Unlike Level 1 and Level 2 charging that uses alternating current (AC), Level 3 charging uses direct current (DC). It is the most common level of charging for school buses and commercial trucks.
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Load Profile
A graph showing the amount(s) of power that your fleet requires over the course of a day
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Meter
A device that records the amount of power (kW) and energy (kWh)
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MPGe
(Miles per gallon equivalent) is the official metric that the EPA uses to measure the efficiency of alternative-fuel (including electric) vehicles. Just like regular MPG shows how far a car will travel on one gallon of gas, MPGe shows how far a vehicle will drive on 33.7 kWh of electricity – the energy equivalent of one gallon of gasoline
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Networking Service
An internet-based service that allows an EVSE owner to analyze basic activity data from one or more EVSE
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Peak Shaving
A strategy to reduce power consumption during periods of high demand
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Power Factor Adjustment
An adjustment to your demand charge according to how efficiently your facility consumes power
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Rate Structure
A set of parameters used to define the prices that a customer may be charged at different times of the day
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Regenerative Braking
Regenerative braking uses the vehicle’s motors to slow down the vehicle rather than the friction brakes. This sends energy back into the batteries for future use, which extends range.
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Seasonal Rate
Additional distribution fees covering the costs of weather stressors on the electric grid during winter or summer
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SOC
State of Charge - The equivalent of a fuel gauge for the rechargeable battery within an electric vehicle. SOC is measured by percentage points and ranges from 0% to 100%. This enables the EV driver to see how much charge their vehicle is currently holding.
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Substation
A set of electric equipment that reduces high-voltage power to a voltage suitable for distribution to customers
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Time-of-Use (TOU)
A rate structure under which you are billed different prices for power you consume according to the time and season when it is consumed
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Transformer
A device that changes electricity from one level of voltage to another
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Transmission
The process of moving power in large quantities across long distances
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Voltage
Pressure created by a difference in electrical charge between two points
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Watt
One watt is defined as the current flow of one ampere with voltage of one volt.
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ZEV
Zero-Emission Vehicle